PL/SQL

Oracle Procedural Language Extension

Program the Oracle

Database Engine

PL/SQL (Procedural Language/SQL) is Oracle's server-side programming language used in 95% of enterprise Oracle applications. Master stored procedures, functions, packages, triggers, cursors, collections, bulk processing, and dynamic SQL — the skills behind every banking, insurance, and ERP system.

PL/SQL Blocks Stored Procedures Functions Packages Triggers Cursors Collections Bulk Processing Dynamic SQL Exception Handling

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PL/SQL — Stored Package

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE salary_pkg AS
  PROCEDURE give_raise(
    p_emp_id IN employees.employee_id%TYPE,
    p_pct   IN NUMBER);
  FUNCTION get_salary(
    p_emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER;
END salary_pkg;
-- Package Body implements both

18K+

Jobs

Oracle ecosystem

40 hrs

Duration

Video content

Modules

Full syllabus

Cert

Included

Oracle Developer

24/7

Support

Expert guidance

PL/SQL

Anonymous Blocks

Stored Procedures

Functions

Packages

Triggers

Cursors

REF Cursors

%ROWTYPE

%TYPE

Collections

VARRAYs

Nested Tables

BULK COLLECT

FORALL

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE

DBMS_SQL

Exception Handling

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR

Dynamic SQL

PL/SQL

Anonymous Blocks

Stored Procedures

Functions

Packages

Triggers

Cursors

REF Cursors

%ROWTYPE

%TYPE

Collections

VARRAYs

Nested Tables

BULK COLLECT

FORALL

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE

DBMS_SQL

Exception Handling

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR

Dynamic SQL

What You Master

The Complete PL/SQL Skill Set

From anonymous blocks and cursors to enterprise packages, bulk processing, and dynamic SQL.

📦

Packages, Procedures & Functions

Build enterprise-grade PL/SQL packages with specification and body separation. Create reusable stored procedures with IN/OUT/INOUT parameters and user-defined functions. Understand when to use procedures vs functions and how to organise code into logical packages for maintainable enterprise applications.

Packages Procedures Functions IN/OUT Params Overloading %ROWTYPE Purity Levels Dependency Mgmt

⚡

Bulk Processing

BULK COLLECT and FORALL reduce context switches dramatically. Process millions of rows at enterprise speed.

🔔

Triggers & Automation

Row-level, statement-level, and INSTEAD OF triggers for auditing, validation, and automated business rules.

🔀

Dynamic SQL & Collections

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE and DBMS_SQL for runtime SQL. VARRAYs, Nested Tables, and Associative Arrays for in-memory data structures.

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE BULK COLLECT VARRAYs

Syllabus

Course Curriculum

10 comprehensive modules — from anonymous blocks to advanced dynamic SQL and bulk operations.

Overview of PL/SQL & Advantages over plain SQL
PL/SQL Architecture — Engine & Parser
PL/SQL Block Types — Anonymous, Named, Nested
PL/SQL Execution Environment in Oracle

Declaring Variables and Constants
Data Types — VARCHAR2, NUMBER, DATE, BOOLEAN, %TYPE
Operators and Expressions
Conditional Statements — IF, ELSIF, ELSE, CASE
Loops — LOOP, WHILE, FOR, CONTINUE, EXIT

Implicit Cursors — SQL%FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %ROWCOUNT
Explicit Cursor Lifecycle — OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE
Cursor Attributes — %ISOPEN, %FOUND, %ROWCOUNT
Cursor FOR Loop
Parameterized Cursors
REF Cursors — Weak & Strong Typed

Introduction to Exception Handling in PL/SQL
Predefined Exceptions — NO_DATA_FOUND, TOO_MANY_ROWS
User-Defined Exceptions with EXCEPTION keyword
RAISE and RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
SQLERRM and SQLCODE
Handling Multiple Exceptions in one block

Creating Stored Procedures with CREATE OR REPLACE
IN, OUT, IN OUT Parameters
Calling Procedures from SQL*Plus, Applications
Overloading Procedures in Packages
Debugging & Recompiling Procedures

Creating User-Defined Functions
Scalar vs Table Functions
Purity Levels — RNDS, WNDS, RNPS, WNPS
Calling Functions in SQL Queries
Differences between Procedures and Functions

Row-Level vs Statement-Level Triggers
BEFORE, AFTER, INSTEAD OF Triggers
Using :NEW and :OLD pseudorecords
Mutating Table Error — Causes & Solutions
Enabling, Disabling, and Dropping Triggers

Package Specification and Package Body
Public vs Private Objects
Package State and Package Variables
Overloading within Packages
Oracle Built-in Packages — DBMS_OUTPUT, DBMS_JOB, UTL_FILE

PL/SQL Records — %ROWTYPE & User-Defined Records
Collections — VARRAYs, Nested Tables, Associative Arrays
Collection Methods — COUNT, EXTEND, DELETE, FIRST, LAST
Bulk Binding — BULK COLLECT and FORALL
SAVE EXCEPTIONS in FORALL

Introduction to Dynamic SQL & Use Cases
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE for DDL and DML
Binding Variables in Dynamic SQL
Using DBMS_SQL Package
Native Dynamic SQL vs DBMS_SQL — when to use each

Career Outcomes

PL/SQL Careers in 2026

PL/SQL is the programming language behind every Oracle ERP, banking core system, and insurance platform. TCS, Infosys, HCL, HDFC, ICICI, and Capgemini actively hire PL/SQL developers at strong salary packages.

₹8–28L

India Avg LPA

$100K–$135K

USA Avg

18K+

Active Jobs

95% Enterprise

Oracle Usage

PL/SQL Developer

Write stored procedures, packages, and triggers for Oracle ERP, banking, and enterprise systems

₹8–22 LPA · $95K–$125K USA

Oracle Application Developer

Develop and maintain Oracle Forms, Reports, and APEX applications using PL/SQL backend

₹10–25 LPA · $100K–$130K USA

ETL / Data Migration Engineer

Build PL/SQL-based ETL pipelines and bulk data migrations for data warehouses

₹12–28 LPA · $105K–$135K USA

Banking & ERP Developer

Customise Oracle E-Business Suite, PeopleSoft, and banking core systems using PL/SQL

₹14–32 LPA · $110K–$145K USA

Program the Oracle

Database Engine

The Complete PL/SQL Skill Set

Course Curriculum

PL/SQL Careers in 2026

Ready to Master PL/SQL?